新加坡的调查研究: 影响学生对学校科学兴趣的因素外文翻译资料

 2023-01-05 06:01

新加坡的调查研究:

影响学生对学校科学兴趣的因素

Jennifer Ann Jocz, Junqing Zhai and Aik Ling Tan

摘要:最近的研究表明,学生对学校科学的兴趣从小就开始下降。由于这种缺乏兴趣可能导致更少的科学人才和一个无法准备参与科学社会问题的人群,所以必须调查哪些可以增加学校科学兴趣的方法。研究表明,查询学习是增加科学兴趣的一种方式。查询学习是新加坡主要教学大纲的核心;因此,我们研究探究实践如何塑造学生对科学和学校科学的看法。本研究调查了课堂探究活动与学生对学校科学兴趣的关系。数据来自425名四年级学生回答问卷,27名学生参加了新加坡14个教室进行的后续重点小组访谈。结果表明,学生对科学课有很高的兴趣。此外,自我效能和休闲时间的科学活动,而不是性别,与学校科学的兴趣增加显着相关。有趣的是,尽管动手活动被认为是有趣和有趣的,将学习与现实生活联系起来,与同龄人讨论想法与学生对学校科学的兴趣有更大的联系。这些发现表明,探究性学习可以增加新加坡学生对学校科学的兴趣;然而,简单地让学生参与实践活动是不够的。相反,可以通过确保课堂活动强调科学的日常应用并允许同侪讨论来增加学生的兴趣。

Abstract:Recent research reveals that studentsrsquo; interest in school science begins to decline at an early age. As this lack of interest could result in fewer individuals qualified for scientific careers and a population unprepared to engage with scientific societal issues, it is imperative to investigate ways in which interest in school science can be increased. Studies have suggested that inquiry learning is one way to increase interest in science. Inquiry learning forms the core of the primary syllabus in Singapore; as such, we examine how inquiry practices may shape studentsrsquo; perceptions of science and school science. This study investigates how classroom inquiry activities relate to studentsrsquo; interest in school science. Data were collected from 425 grade 4 students who responded to a questionnaire and 27 students who participated in follow-up focus group interviews conducted in 14 classrooms in Singapore. Results indicate that students have a high interest in science class. Additionally, self-efficacy and leisure-time science activities, but not gender, were significantly associated with an increased interest in school science. Interestingly, while hands-on activities are viewed as fun and interesting, connecting learning to real-life and discussing ideas with their peers had a greater relation to student interest in school science. These findings suggest that inquiry learning can increase Singaporean studentsrsquo; interest in school science; however, simply engaging students in hands-on activities is insufficient. Instead, student interest may be increased by ensuring that classroom activities emphasize the everyday applications of science and allow for peer discussion.

关键词:兴趣; 探究; 小学科学; 班级活动;学生中心课程

Keyword: Interest; Inquiry; Primary Science; Class Activities; Student-centred Curriculum

介绍

最近的研究表明,学生对科学的兴趣,特别是在学校环境中的兴趣开始逐渐减少(Lyons,2006; Renninger&Hidi,2011)。女性科学兴趣的下降可能尤为明显(Bennett&Hoggarth,2009);然而,最近的研究表明,与科学兴趣有关的性别差异可能正在关闭(Krapp&Prenzel,2011)。科学兴趣的这种下降是有关的,因为对科学缺乏兴趣有可能减少选择追求科学相关职业的学生人数(马耳他与泰,2010;泰,刘,马耳他和Revelle,2006年)。此外,利益已被证明与各种学习成果(Krapp,Hidi,&Renninger,1992)有正相关关系,这表明对科学缺乏兴趣可能会抑制能够理解和参与社会科学问题的科学文盲公民的生产。鉴于这些担忧,研究人员试图找出增加对学校科学兴趣的方法。然而,关于在维护或开发利益方面的教学辅助方面的问题仍然存在(Krapp&Prenzel,2011)。因此,在本文中,我们调查了什么个人和课堂因素与学生对学校科学的兴趣有关。

利益理论模型

杜威(1913)是第一个认识到兴趣可以被描述为一个人与他或她的环境之间的相互作用的结果,这个定义仍然是最广泛使用的定义(Hidi&Renninger,2006)。这可以被看作是感兴趣的人物对象理论的基础,它表明兴趣来源于他们周围环境中个人与物体之间的关系(例如具体对象,主题和抽象概念)(Krapp,2002a,2002b)。还普遍接受的是,兴趣可以分为两种形式,情境兴趣和个人(或个人)利益(Ainley,Hidi,&Berndorff,2002; Hidi&Renninger,2006; Silvia,2006)。情境兴趣是指由外部刺激引起的瞬时兴趣,而个人兴趣涉及某一主题或研究领域的长期兴趣(Hidi,1990)。此外,情境和个人兴趣可以影响另一方的发展。例如,个人对某个话题的个人兴趣可能对某人的刺激有不同的反应,而没有个人兴趣的人(Hidi,1990)。此外,研究表明,虽然情境兴趣是短暂的,但重复接触具有情境兴趣的活动可能导致个人对某个话题的兴趣随之增加(Mitchell&Gilson,1997)。 Hidi和Renninger(2006)通过提出兴趣发展的四阶段模式来扩展这个想法。第二阶段(触发情境兴趣和维持情境兴趣)通常由外部刺激引起。触发情境兴趣是短期利益变化,如果个人继续参与扩展剧集的话题,可以发展成维持情境兴趣。在后两个阶段(新兴个人兴趣和发达的个人兴趣),兴趣通常是自我产生的,个人寻求自己的问题的答案,尽管存在困难,但仍然存在。在新兴的个人兴趣阶段,个人选择重新与特定主题进行互动。如果这种接触随着时间的推移而持续下去,那个人据说具有很好的个人兴趣。重要的是要注意,即使在个人兴趣阶段,缺乏适当的支持和探索兴趣的机会也可能导致回归到上一阶段(Hidi&Renninger,2006)。

学生情境兴趣研究

很难考虑到班上所有学生所持有的个人利益(Hidi&Anderson,1992)。 因此,许多研究人员选择关注情境兴趣,因为它描述了一个话题或教学任务的各个方面如何影响所有学生的兴趣。

与兴趣相关的外部因素

许多情境兴趣的研究集中在兴趣对学习的影响以及增加阅读兴趣的文本特征。这些研究表明,当阅读关于高兴趣话题的段落时,个人能够理解,推断和保留文本中的信息。还有报道说,学习的质量受到兴趣的影响,因为它与更深层次的处理有关。发现许多特征影响文本的兴趣。这些特征包括新颖性,令人惊讶的信息,视觉图像,易于理解和先验知识的例子(Hidi,2001)。鉴于兴趣与学习之间的关系,重要的是要考察引起学生兴趣的其他科目的特征。虽然有限,但一些研究探索了影响数学和科学兴趣的因素。在13岁的学生对物理科学课题感兴趣的调查中,Qualter(1993)发现,男孩和女孩都倾向于应用概念而不是抽象的语句。然而,Swarat,Ortony和Revelle(2012)对533名中学生对学校生物学兴趣的调查显示,活动的形式(动手)比内容主题或学习目标更为重要。 Mitchell(1993)发现,小组工作和与谜题和电脑的互动导致了高中数学课的触发情境兴趣;然而,诸如意义和参与等因素对维持情境利益是必要的。同样,在Logan和Skamp(2012)的纵向研究中,影响学生对学校科学兴趣的因素从7-10年级进行了跟踪。同样,参与同侪讨论的能力和强调科学内容的相关性被发现影响学生对科学的兴趣。最后,帕尔默(2009)的一项研究表明,新奇性是影响9年级学生兴趣探索科学课程的主要因素;然而,选择,体力活动和社会参与等因素也起了作用。这些发现反映了一个观点,即一个基于查询的课程,允许学生积极参与与实际科学家类似的活动,可能会促进学生的兴趣(Blumenfeld,Kempler和Krajcik,2006)。

与兴趣相关的内部因素

Sansone和Thoman(2005)指出,内部和/或外部因素在学习活动中可能会受到影响,因此有必要控制可能对利益产生影响的个人因素。研究表明,兴趣之前可能是某一特定科目的感知能力(Marsh,Trautwein,Ludtke,Koller,&Baumert,2005; Silvia,2003)。 Bandura和Schunk(1981)研究了在数学上很差的幼儿的自我激励,发现这个问题没有兴趣。他们的研究结果表明,设立近目标的学生在学习过程中表现出自我效能的提高,这与数学活动的内在兴趣正相关。另一项研究测试了学术兴趣的路径模型,发现高中数学学生认为自我效能预测对主题的兴趣(Lopez,Lent,Brown,&Gore,1997)。类似地,Haussler和Hoffman(2000)的一项研究表明,自我效能是作为学校课题对物理学感兴趣的主要因素。如前所述,性别可以成为学校科学兴趣的一个因素(Bennett&Hoggarth,2009)。六年级学生的研究表明,女孩和男孩对科学的兴趣和科学观念有所不同(Jones,Howe,&Rua,2000)。女孩对涉及环境或帮助人的科学话题感兴趣,而男孩对技术更感兴趣。此外,女孩认为科学更难理解。然而,研究表明,小学生的差距并不明显,6年级后开始显着扩大(Baram-Tsabari&Yarden,2011)。最后,个人对科学的兴趣已被证明与科学课的兴趣有关。 Simpkins,DavisKean和Eccles(2006)在对学生休闲活动的纵向研究中发现,学生参与数学和科学相关的活动(例如玩数学游戏,去博物馆和阅读科学书籍) 5年级预测他们对高中科学的兴趣,通过入学科学课程来衡量。此外,参与夏季科学计划的青少年研究表明,情境兴趣与学生的个人科学兴趣(Linnenbrink-Garcia,Patall,&Messersmith,2012)息息相关。在这项研究中,我们参与涉及科学的休闲活动(例如阅读科学,访问科学中心等)来衡量学生对科学的个人兴趣。

研究背景和研究目的

根据美国的改革努力,促进探究,使科学学习更加真实(国家研究委员会,1996年),2008年在新加坡实施了一个以探究为基础的初级科学教学大纲(教育部,2007年)。这些文件强调了许多因素,如活动,自主权和社会互动,这些因素已经显示出增加对科学的兴趣。根据2008年初级科学课程,课程建立在知识,理解和应用三个领域,技能和流程;道德和态度。希望学生能获得科学现象,仪器和应用知识,掌握预测,评估和沟通等技巧,发展好奇和创造性的态度。简而言之,课程的目的是“使学生在科学在日常生活,社会和环境中所扮演的角色的知识,问题和问题上,将科学追求视为有意义和有用的” “(教育部,2007年第1页)。新加坡科学大纲没有提供具体的查询教学定义。相反,它认识到所使用的查询方法取决于教学目标,使得“学生导向的查询将为认知发展和科学推理提供最佳机会”,而“教师指导性调查”可以将学习最有力地集中在特定科学的发展上概念“(教育部,2007年,第15页)。然而,Kim,Tan和Talaue(2013年)的一项研究发现,新加坡的评估实践的性质,主要采用纸和铅笔的形式,侧重于规范内容知识,可能引导教师对查询的看法以教师为导向的方法。在考察新加坡小学教室进行的实际科学调查实践时,Poon,Lee,Tan和Lim(2012)发现,教师重视(1

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外文文献出处:

  1. 作者:Jennifer Ann Jocza, Junqing Zhai and Aik Ling Tan

电子文献题目:Inquiry Learning in the Singaporean Context: Factors affecting student interest in school science

文献出处:International Journal of Science Education

http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2014.908327(2017-04-05)

出版时间:2014

所译页码:P 2596-2618

附外文文献原文

Inquiry Learning in the Singaporean Context: Factors affecting student interest in school science

Jennifer Ann Jocz, Junqing Zhai and Aik Ling Tan,

Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; bCollege of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

Abstract

Recent research reveals that studentsrsquo; interest in school science begins to decline at an early age. As this lack of interest could result in fewer individuals qualified for scientific careers and a population unprepared to engage with scientific societal issues, it is imperative to investigate ways in which interest in school science can be increased. Studies have suggested that inquiry learning is one way to increase interest in science. Inquiry learning forms the core of the primary syllabus in Singapore; as such, we examine how inquiry practices may shape studentsrsquo; perceptions of science and school science. This study investigates how classroom inquiry activities relate to studentsrsquo; interest in school science. Data were collected from 425 grade 4 students who responded to a questionnaire and 27 students who participated in follow-up focus group interviews conducted in 14 classrooms in Singapore. Results indicate that students have a high interest in science class. Additionally, self-efficacy and leisure-time science activities, but not gender, were significantly associated with an increased interest in school science. Interestingly, while hands-on activities are viewed as fun and interesting, connecting learning to real-life and discussing ideas with their peers had a greater relation to student interest in school science. These findings suggest that inquiry learning can increase Singaporean studentsrsquo; interest in school science; however, simply engaging students in hands-on activities is insufficient. Instead, student interest may be increased by ensuring that classroom activities emphasize the everyday applications of science and allow for peer discussion.

Keywords: Interest; Inquiry; Primary Science; Class Activities; Student-centred Curriculum

Introduction

Recent studies have revealed that studentsrsquo; interest in science, especially in the school setting, begins to decrease at an early age (Lyons, 2006; Renninger amp; Hidi, 2011). This decrease in science interest may be especially pronounced for girls (Bennett amp; Hoggarth, 2009); however, recent studies have suggested that gender differences related to science interest may be closing (Krapp amp; Prenzel, 2011). This decrease in science interest is concerning as a lack of interest in science threatens to reduce the number of students choosing to pursue science-related careers (Maltese amp; Tai, 2010; Tai, Liu, Maltese, amp; Revelle, 2006). Additionally, interest has been shown to be positively related to various learning outcomes (Krapp, Hidi, amp; Renninger, 1992), which suggests that a lack of interest in science may inhibit the production of scientifically literate citizens capable of understanding and engaging with socioscientific issues. In light of these concerns, researchers have sought to identify ways to increase interest in school science. However, the question remains as to what aspects of instruction aid in the maintenance or development of interest (Krapp amp; Prenzel, 2011). Thus, in this paper we investigate what personal and classroom factors are related to studentsrsquo; interest in school science.

Theoretical Models of Interest

Dewey (1913) was one of the first to recognize that interest can be described as resulting from the interaction between a person and his or her environment, a definition that is still the most widely used (Hidi amp; Renninger, 2006). This can be seen as the basis for the person—object theory of interest, which states that interest stems from the relationships between individuals and objects (e.g. concrete objects, topics, and abstract concepts) in their surroundings (Krapp, 2002a, 2002b). It has also generally been accepted that interest can be divided into two forms, situational interest and individual (or personal) interest (Ainley, Hidi, amp; Berndorff, 2002; Hidi amp; Renninger, 2006; Silvia, 2006). Situational interest refers to a transient interest caused by external stimuli, while individual interest involves a long-term interest in a certain topic or field of study (Hidi, 1990). Additionally, situational and individual interest can each influence the development of the other. For example, a person with an individual interest in a topic may respond differently to a stimulus than someone without an individual interest (Hidi, 1990). Furthermore, research has shown that although situational interest is transient, repeated exposure to activities with situational interest can lead to a subsequent increase in individual interest in a topic (Mitchell amp; Gilson, 1997). Hidi and Renninger (2006) extended this idea by suggesting a four-phase model of interest development. The first two phases (triggered situational interest and maintained situational interest) are usually evoked by an external stimulus. Triggered situational interest is a short-term change in interest, which can develop into maintained situational interest if the individual continues to engage in the topic for an extended episode. In the latter two phases (emerging individual interest and well-developed

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